Theory of Taekwondo
Antrim Taekwondo is part of TAGB and affiliated to Taekwondo International
Grading examiner for Northern Ireland region: Grand Master Michael Dew (9th Degree Black B
T.A.G.B – Taekwondo Association of Great Britain
B.T.C – British Taekwondo Council
Key Dates:
11th April 1955 – Taekwondo inaugurated
2nd July 1967 - Taekwondo introduced to Great Britain
21st August 1983 - T.A.G.B formed
21st April 1988 – B.T.C formed
13th November 1993 - Taekwondo International formed
5 tenets of Taekwondo (C.I.P.S.I) :
Courtesy
Integrity
Perseverance
Self-Control
Indomitable Spirit
Korean terms used in Taekwondo:
Attention – Charyot
Bow – Kyong-Ye
Ready – Junbi
Shout – Kihap
Start/Begin – Si-Jak
Stop – Goman
Return to Ready – Barrol
Dismiss – Haessan
Forward – Apro Kaggi
About Turn 0 Dwiryo Torro
Left – Wen
Right – Orun
Inward – Anaero
Outward – Baekaero
Break – Hechyo
Press Ups – Momtong Bachia
Training Hall – Dojang
Belt – Ti
Pattern – Tul
Instructor – Sabum
Student – Jeja
Stances:
Stance - Sogi
Attention Stance – Charyot Sogi
Parallel Ready Stance – Narani Junbi Sogi
Walking Stance – Gunnan Sogi
Walking Ready Stance – Gunnan Junbi Sogi
Sitting Stance – Annun Sogi
White Belt (10th Kup) Terminology:
White Belt signifies innocence, having no previous knowledge of Taekwondo.
What do the words Taekwondo mean?
Foot (Tae), Hand (Kwon) & Way or Art (Do)
Where did Taekwondo originate?
South Korea
High Section – Nopunde
Middle Section – Kaunde
Low Section – Najunde
Block – Makgi
Outer forearm Low Block – Bakat Palmok Najunde Makgi
Inner Forearm Middle Block – An Palmok Kaunde Makgi
Outer forearm - Bakat Palmok
Inner Forearm - An Palmok
Kick - Chagi
Rising Kick – Ap Cha Olligi
Punch – Jirugi
Obverse Punch – Baro Jirigi
Reverse Punch – Bandae Jirugi
4 directional punch – Saju Jirugi
Pattern Chon Ji
Movements 19
Ready Position:
Parallel Ready Stance – Narani Chunbi Sogi
Interpretation:
Chon Ji literally means “the heaven and the earth”. It is in the Orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of the human history. It is therefore the initial pattern played by the beginner. The pattern consists of two similar parts – one to represent heaven and one to represent the earth.
Yellow Belt – Signifies Earth, from which a plant sprouts and takes root as the Taekwondo foundation is being laid.
Pattern - Tul
Left - Wen
Right - Orun
Head - Mori
L Stance - Niunja Sogi
Front Kick - Ap Chagi
Rising Block - Chookyo Makgi
Forearm Guarding Block - Palmok Daebi Makgi
Kick - Chagi
Double Punch - Doo Jirugi
Front Snap Kick - Ap Chabusigi
Knifehand Strike - Sonkal Taerigi
Inward - Anaero
Outward - Bakaero
Break - Hechyo
Step Turn – Omgyo Didimyo Dolgi
Forearm Rising Block – Palmok Chockyo Makgi
Walking Ready Stance - Gunnan Junbi Sogi
Hand Parts - Sangbansin
Inner Forearm - An Palmok
Outer Forearm - Bakat Palmok
Back Fist - Dung Joomuk
Fore Fist - Ap Joomuk
Elbow - Palkup
Palm - Sonbadak
Fingertips - Sonkut
Knifehand - Sonkal
Arc Hand - Bandal Son
Reverse Knifehand - Sonkal Dung
Foot Parts - Hanbansin
Footsword - Balkal
Side Sole - Yop Bal Badak
Side Instep - Yop Baldung
Instep - Baldung
Reverse Footsword -Balkal Dung
Ball of Foot -Ap Kumchi
Back Sole - Dwit Kumchi
Back Heel - Dwit Chook
Pattern Dan Gun
Movements 21
Ready Position
Parallel Ready Stance – Narani Chunbi Sogi
Interpretation
Dan Gun is named after the Holy Dan Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year 2333BC.
Three Step Sparring
Three step sparring is designed for the beginner to learn the basic techniques. Three step sparring teaches the student many things ie. Proper distance, correct facing, forearm conditioning, correct blocks, correct stances, counter attacks and timing.
Green Belt signifies the plants growth as the Taekwondo skills begin to develop.
Terminology
Three Step Sparring - Sambo Matsoki
Knifehand Guarding Block - Sonkal Daebi Makgi
Twin Forearm Block - Sang Palmok Makgi
Inward Outer Forearm Block - Anaero Bakat Palmok Makgi
Outer Forearm Inward Block - Bakat Palmok Anaero Makgi
Backfist Strike - Dung Joomuk Taerigi
Turning Kick - Dollyo Chagi
Front Backfist Strike - Ap Dung Joomuk Taerigi
Twin Outer Forearm Block - Sang Bakat Palmok Makgi
Backfist Front Downward Strike - Dung Joomuk Ap Naeryo Taerigi
Release Move - Jap Yasol Tae
Inner Forearm Middle Block - An Palmok Kaunde Makgi
Outer Forearm Low Block - Bakat Palmok Najunde Makgi
What do the words Tae, Kwon and Do mean?
Foot (Tae) Hand (Kwon) Way or Art (Do) (The Art of Hand and Foot)
Pattern Do San
Movements 24
Ready Position
Parallel Ready Stance – Narani Chunbi Sogi
Interpretation
Do-San is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Ch’ang Ho (1876-1938) who
devoted his life to furthering the education of Korea and its independent movement.
Terminology
Straight - Sun
Thrust - Tulgi
Finger - Songarak
Fixed Stance - Gojang Sogi
Wedging Block - Hechyo Makgi
Straight Spear Fingertip Thrust - Sun Sonkut Tulgi
Backfist Side Strike - Dung Joomuk Yop Taerigi
Side Piercing Kick - Yop Cha Jirugi
Outer Forearm Wedging Block - Bakat Palmok Hechyo Makgi
Knife Hand Outward Block - Sonkal Bakaero Makgi
Outer Forearm High Block - Bakat Palmok Nopunde Makgi
Back Fist High Side Strike - Dung Joomuk Nopunde Yop Taerigi
Sliding - Mikulgi
Spot Turn - Gujari Dolgi
Side Kick - Yop Chagi
Pattern Won Hyo
Movements 28
Ready Position
Closed Ready Stance ‘A’ – Moa Chunbi Sogi ‘A’
Interpretation
Won Hyo was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla dynasty in the year 686 AD
Semi Free Sparring – Basic Level
Attack Kicking with back leg first, front kick, side kick, turning kick (alternate legs)
Defence Any block suitable for each individual kick
Counter Reverse punch only
Blue Belt signifies Heaven, toward which the plant matures into a towering tree as
Training in Taekwondo progresses.
Terminology
Back - Dwit
Vertical Stance - Soojik Sogi
Closed Stance - Moa Sogi
Bending Stance - Goburyo Sogi
Circular Block - Dollimyo Makgi
Hooking Block - Golcho Makgi
Waist Block - Hori Makgi
Palm Pushing Block - Sonbadak Miro Makgi
Vertical Punch - Sewo Jirugi
Side Punch - Yop Jirugi
Reverse Turning Kick - Bandae Dollyo Chagi
Reverse Side Kick - Bandae Yop Chagi
Reverse Knifehand Strike - Sonkal Dung Taerigi
Semi Free Sparring - Ban Jayoo Maksoki
Pattern Yul Gok
Movements 38
Ready Position
Parallel Ready Stance – Narani Chunbi Sogi
Interpretation
Yul Gok is a pseudonym of the great philosopher and scholar Yi I
(1536 – 1584 AD) nicknamed the ‘Confucious of Korea’. The movements
of this pattern refer to his birthplace on the 38th degree latitude and the diagram represents ‘scholar’.
What is the difference between 3 step and 2 step sparring?
2 step sparring requires a more complex combination of techniques in defence and attack, therefore greater emphasis on focus, distance and timing is required.
Terminology
2 Step Sparring - Ibo Matsoki
Knee - Moorup
Free Sparring - Jayoo Matsoki
Jumping - Twigi
X Stance - Kyocha Sogi
Hooking Kick - Golcho Chagi
X fist pressing block - Kyocha Joomuk Noollo Makgi
Crescent Kick - Bandal Chagi
Palm Upward Block - Sonbadak Ollyo Makgi
Double Forearm Block - Doo Palmok Makgi
Grasping Block - Butjuba Makgi
Palm Hooking Block - Sonbadak Golcho Makgi
Twin Knife Hand Block - Sang Sonkal Makgi
Outer Forearm Waist Block - Bakat Palmok Hori Makgi
Elbow Front Strike - Palkup Ap Taerigi
Twin Upset Punch - Sang Dwijibo Jirugi
Flat Fingertip Thrust - Opun Sonkut Tulgi
Twin Vertical Punch - Sang Sewo Jirugi
Knee Kick - Moorup Chagi
Side Elbow Thrust - Yop Palkup Tulgi
Pattern Joong Gun
Movements 32
Ready Position
Closed Ready Stance ‘B’ – Moa Chunbi Sogi ‘B’
Interpretation J
Joong Gun is named after the patriot An Joong Gun who assassinated Hiro Bumi Ito the first Japanese governor - general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr An’s age when he was executed in Lui-Shung prison in 1910.
Terminology
Mid Section Upset - Dwijibo
Low Section Upset - Dwijibun
Side Fist - Yoo Joomuk
Rear Foot Stance - Dwit Bal Sogi
Low Stance - Nachuo Sogi
X Block - Kyocha Makgi
Pressing Block - Noolo Makgi
Downward Block - Naeryo Makgi
U Shaped Block - Digutja Makgi
Turning Punch - Doolyo Jirugi
Upper Elbow Strike - Wi Palkup Taerigi
Back Kick - Dwit Chagi
Pressing Kick - Noolo Chagi
Twin Straight Forearm Block - Sang Sun Palmok Makgi
Reverse Turning Hooking Kick - Bandae Dollyo Goro Chagi
Pattern Toi Gye
Movements 37
Ready Position
Closed Ready Stance ‘B’ – Moa Chunbi Sogi ‘B’
Interpretation
Toi Gye is the pen name of the 16th Century Scholar Yi Wang who was regarded as an authority on neo-confucianism. The 37 movements represent his birth place on the 37th degree latitude. The diagram represents the calligraphy for scholar.
What is Korean for 1 step sparring?
Ilbo Matsoki
Who are the founder members of the TAGB and what are their positions on the committee?
Mr David Oliver – Chairman
Mr Michael Dew – Vice Chairman
Mr Ron Sergiew – Treasurer
Mr Paul Donnelly – Liaison Officer
My Kenny Walton – England Team Coach
In which area is your club situated?
Antrim, Northern Ireland
Who is your area representative?
Master Keith Farrell (6th Degree, Black Belt)
Terminology
Flying – Twimyo
Jumping – Twigi
Closed Ready Stance – Moa Junbi Sogi
Bending Ready Stance – Goburyo Junbi Sogi
Fixed Stance – Gojung Sogi
Vertical Stance – Soojik Sogi
X Stance – Kyocha Sogi
X-fist Pressing Block – Kyocha Joomuk Noollo Makgi
Knife Hand Low Guarding Block – Sonkal Najunde Daebi Makgi
Inner Forearm Middle Block – An Palmok Kaunde Makgi
Palm Inward Pushing Block – Sonbadak Anaero Miro Makgi
Inner Forearm Circular Block – An Palmok Dollimyo Makgi
Outer Forearm W Shaped Blcok – Bakat Palmok San Makgi
Double Forearm Pushing Block – Doo Palmok Miro Makgi
Back Fist Strike – Dung Joomuk Taerigi
Outer Forearm Low Block – Bakat Palmok Najunde Makgi
Upset Fingertip Thrust – Dwijibun Sonkut Tulgi
Flat Fingertip Thrust – Opun Sokut Tulgi
Side Punch – Yop Jirugi
Twin Vertical Punch – Sang Sewo Jirugi
Knife Hand Inward Strike – Sonkal Ananaero Taerigi
Knee Kick – Moorup Chagi
Back Kick – Dwit Chagi
Head- Mori
Waist – Hori
Pattern Hwa Rang
Movements 29
Ready Position
Closed Ready Stance ‘C’ – Moa Chunbi Sogi ‘C’
Interpretation
Hwa Rang is the name given to an army of young warriors from the Silla Dynasty of Korea. They were first mentioned in AD 600, and over the years they gradually became a significant force in the unification of Korea’s three kingdoms. Hwa Rang means “Flowering Youth” and comprises of 29 moves which refers to the 29th Infantry Division where Taekwondo developed.
Red Belt signifies danger, cautioning the student to exercise control and warning the opponent to beware.
1 step sparring - Ilbo Matsoki
2 step sparring – Ibo Matsoki
3 step sparring – Sambo Matsoki
3 step semi-free sparring – Ban Jayoo Matsoki
Free sparring – Jayoo Matsoki
What is the difference between 1, 2 and 3 step sparring?
Use of focus, distance and timing becomes vital as the complexity of technique increases. The student needs to look to the tenets of Taekwondo and exercise self-control, in addition to adding an element of realism. The complexity of attack is increased from punching to hand and foot combination techniques. The use of speed and reaction also adds the element of realism to the set sparring.
What is the difference between a strike and a thrust?
A strike is designed to smash or destroy the target area and can impact from any angle to either soft or hard target areas.
A thrust is designed to penetrate the target area and only drives straight towards the soft areas of the body.
Terminology
Closed Ready stance “B” – Moa Junbi Sogi “B”
Palm Pushing Block – Sonbadak Miro Makgi
Outer Forearm Low Block – Bakat Palmok Najunde Makgi
Inner Forearm Middle Block – An Palmok Kaunade Makgi
Sitting Stance – Annun Sogi
L Stance – Niunja Sogi
Vertical Stance – Soo Jik Sogi
Walking Stance – Gunnan Sogi
Upward Punch – Ollyo Jirugi
Obverse Punch – Baro Jirugi
Strike – Taerigi
Thrust - Tulgi
Knifehand Downward Strike – Sonkal Naeryo Taerigi
Side Elbow Thrust – Yop Palkup Tulgi
Release Move – Jap Yasol Tae
Side Piercing Kick – Yop Cha Jirugi
Double Punch – Doo Jirugi
Knife hand Strike – Sonkal Taerigi
Straight Fingertip Thrust – Son Sonkut Tulgi
Upper Elbow Strike – Wi Palkup Taerigi
Downward Kick – Naeryo Chagi
Crescent Kick – Bandal Chagi
Hooking Kick – Golcho Chagi
Reverse Turning Kick – Bandae Dollyo Chagi
Flying Side Kick – Twimyo Yop Chagi
Turning Kick – Dollyo Chagi
Front Snap Kick – Ap Cha Busigi
Flying Kick – Twimyo Chagi
Back Kick – Dwir Chagi
Side Piercing Kick 0 Yop Cha Jirugi
Reverse Hook Kick – Bandae Dollyo Goro Chagi